Family Poisoned By Methyl Bromide at Luxury Resort
A U.S. family vacationing in St. John was apparently poisoned by methyl bromide, a highly toxic pesticide the use of which has been severely limited in the U.S. Exposure to methyl bromide can result in nausea, abdominal pain, weakness, confusion, pulmonary edema, and seizures. Neurologic effects can be long-lasting and even permanent.
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Tags: Medical Toxicology, Methyl Bromide
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Childhood Poisonings from New Detergent Packets on the Rise
A new blog post in the New York Times highlights the danger (particularly to children) of new laundry detergent packets. Due to their small size and bright colors, many toddlers and small children have been eating them, leading to significant symptoms including severe nausea and vomiting, respiratory distress, and metabolic abnormalities. Some children have also suffered eye damage which can occur when children bite into the packets, spraying caustic material into their eyes.
Poison control centers across the country have been seeing an average to 10 cases a day over recent months, and sometimes as many as 28 a day; more than 1200 cases have been reported to poison control centers this year.
This report should serve as a stark reminder to parents that these products, like all household products, should be kept in a locked cabinet in an area well out of the reach of children.
Tags: Household Products, Medical Toxicology, Pediatrics
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ACEP Issues Clinical Policy on Opioid Prescribing for Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department
Deaths due to prescription opioids are a significant problem, accounting for nearly 15,000 fatalities in 2008 (a more than threefold increase compared to 10 years previously). In fact, deaths due to drug overdoses are second only to motor vehicle crashes as a cause of injury-related deaths. The American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) has recognized that this is an issue of significant public health concern and has issued a new policy addressing issues with prescribing opioids to patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). Among the highlights:
- The use of a state prescription monitoring program may help identify patients who are at high risk for prescription opioid diversion or doctor shopping.
- Emergency physicians should determine whether nonopioid analgesics (i.e., acetaminophen or NSAIDs) may be adequate for initial pain management.
- Given the risks associated with opioid use, misuse, and abuse, opioids should be reserved for more severe pain or pain refractory to other analgesics rather than routinely prescribed.
- If opioids are indicated, the prescription should be for the lowest practical dose for a limited duration (e.g., <1 week), and the prescriber should consider the patient’s risk for opioid misuse, abuse, or diversion.
- Physicians should avoid routinely prescribing outpatient opioids for a patient with an acute exacerbation of chronic noncancer pain seen in the ED.
- ED physicians should attempt to honor existing patient-physician pain contracts/treatment agreements and consider past prescription patterns from information sources such as prescription drug monitoring programs.
Tags: Medical Toxicology, Opioids
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Hydroxocobalamin Superior to Sodium Thiosulfate for Treating Severe Cyanide Toxicity
Dr. Tanen’s new article on treatment of acute cyanide toxicity has just been published in Annals of Emergency Medicine. Dr. Tanen and his co-authors induced severe cyanide toxicity a swine model and then administered one of three treatments: hydroxocobalamin (the active ingredient in Cyanokit), sodium thiosulfate (one of the primary components classically used for treatment of cyanide toxicity), or hydroxocobalamin + sodium thiosulfate. There was 100% mortality in the sodium thiosulfate group versus 8% mortality in the hydroxocobalamin group and 17% in the hydroxocobalamin + sodium thiosulfate group.
This adds to the growing body of literature suggesting that hydroxocobalamin should replace the original cyanide antidote kit as the standard treatment for severe cyanide toxicity.
Tags: Cyanide, Medical Toxicology, Publications
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